中国当代地理教授、研究员地域分异   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李双双  延军平 《地理科学进展》2011,30(10):1298-1304

针对人才地理学对具有特殊专业或学科背景人才研究明显缺失的问题,选取具有地理学背景的教授、研究员为研究对象,对中国当代地理教授、研究员时空格局进行分析,揭示影响其数量、年龄结构及分布特征的因素。结果表明：当代地理教授、研究员地域分布不均衡,南方多于北方,沿海多于内陆。东部多于中部,西部最少。青年地理教授、研究员本区比例则呈现东部少于中部,中部少于西部的特征。工作地区域聚集和空间分异现象明显。其特点反映了中国当代地理教授、研究员地域分异,除受经济地理环境、政治、文化等一系列因素影响外,还有其自身形成原因。  相似文献   

综合地理数据与MODIS物候特征的区域土地覆盖制图(英文)     

蔡红艳  张树文  卜坤  杨久春  常丽萍 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(4):705-718

The study developed a feasible method for large-area land cover mapping with combination of geographical data and phenological characteristics, taking Northeast China (NEC) as the study area. First, with the monthly average of precipitation and temperature datasets, the spatial clustering method was used to divide the NEC into four ecoclimate regions. For each ecoclimate region, geographical variables (annual mean precipitation and temperature, elevation, slope and aspect) were combined with phenological variables derived from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data (enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and land surface water index (LSWI)), which were taken as input variables of land cover classification. Decision Tree (DT) classifiers were then performed to produce land cover maps for each region. Finally, four resultant land cover maps were mosaicked for the entire NEC (NEC_MODIS), and the land use and land cover data of NEC (NEC_LULC) interpreted from Landsat-TM images was used to evaluate the NEC_MODIS and MODIS land cover product (MODIS_IGBP) in terms of areal and spatial agreement. The results showed that the phenological information derived from EVI and LSWI time series well discriminated land cover classes in NEC, and the overall accuracy was significantly improved by 5.29% with addition of geographical variables. Compared with NEC_LULC for seven aggregation classes, the area errors of NEC_MODIS were much smaller and more stable than that of MODIS_IGBP for most of classes, and the wall-to-wall spatial comparisons at pixel level indicated that NEC_MODIS agreed with NEC_LULC for 71.26% of the NEC, whereas only 62.16% for MODIS_IGBP. The good performance of NEC_MODIS demonstrates that the methodology developed in the study has great potential for timely and detailed land cover mapping in temperate and boreal regions.  相似文献   

陆地表层系统自然地理过程的研究方法     

徐丽芬  许学工 《地理与地理信息科学》2011,27(1):64-68,80

近十几年来,过程研究在陆地表层系统科学研究中的地位越来越重要。陆地表层系统的复杂性为地理过程研究带来了诸多困扰和挑战,合理有效的方法是取得进展的关键之一。该文概述自然地理过程研究的基本方法,并综述相关综合的研究方法;包括格局—过程综合、时—空过程综合、不同地理要素过程综合的方法;在此基础上,指出目前过程研究在方法上的三大难点,即人为-自然相互作用的辨识与定量化方法、模型综合与选择、尺度转换。全球变化研究的兴起以及相关学科与技术的发展为自然地理过程研究带来了机遇。总之,陆地表层系统自然地理过程研究方法呈微观化、层次化、现代化、模型化和综合化的趋势,而且方法的创新是不可忽视的关键环节。  相似文献   

河南省农业专业村发展与地理环境关系研究     

周灿  李小建 《地域研究与开发》2015,(4)

综合运用GIS技术、逐步回归法、Logit模型,分析了2009—2012年河南省农业专业村数量结构、空间分布的变化特征,并探究了地理环境对农业专业村发展的影响。研究结果表明:农业专业村空间分布不均衡,局部地区集聚程度发生变化;农业专业化率随劳动力资源的增加而降低,丘陵、山区农业专业化率比平原区低,村庄区位显著影响农业专业化率;伴随农区发展,农业专业化生产对劳动力资源的依赖程度有所降低,丘陵、山地地形对农业专业化率的负面影响减弱,市场因素对农业专业化率的影响凸显;劳动力资源对花卉、蔬菜等劳动密集型的专业村形成具有正面影响,邻近批发市场能提高蔬菜、水果、花卉等市场依赖性强的专业村形成概率,靠近地级市、县城的区位条件有利于形成蔬菜、水果等专业村。该结果对农区专业村发展方向和策略制定具有一定借鉴意义。  相似文献   

基于GML的分布式地理信息的动态集成研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王新闯  张子平 《测绘与空间地理信息》2004,27(1):23-25

地理信息的分布式管理是地理信息系统发展的一个重要趋势,但某些情况下又需要将分布的地理信息进行集中分析,这就产生了分布式地理信息的集成问题。文中对GML(Geography Markup Language)用于分布式地理信息集成的可行性进行了分析,构建了利用GML及相关的模块对分布式地理信息集成模式进行数据综合分析的体系结构.  相似文献   

GIS支持下地震与活动断裂关系研究--以上海及邻近海域为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

邬宁芬  周祖翼  劳秋元  刘昌 《大地构造与成矿学》2004,28(3):248-253

以MAPGIS软件为基础平台 ,利用GIS缓冲区分析和空间叠加分析技术 ,研究上海及邻近海域地震与活动断裂的关系。研究区地震活动断裂的发育程度以继承性NE -NNE向为主 ,但其活动强度不及NW -NNW向及近EW向断裂 ;沿NW -NNW向及近EW向断裂两侧 ,中强地震发生频率明显高于NE -NNE向断裂 ;不同时代活动断裂与中强地震之间存在一定的联系 ,表现为随着断裂活动时代变新 ,断裂周围中强地震发生的频率升高。  相似文献   

利用密钥策略进行数据分离的算法     

杨晓元  朱率率  张薇 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2010,(5)

在分析现有的数据处理策略的基础上,将经过改进的基于二进制Goppa编码的McEliece密码体制与数据份额的产生相结合,提出了一种基于纠错码密码体制的数据分离算法(KPDA)。与经典秘密共享算法相比,该算法具有同等或更高的效率;而与同类的数据分离技术相比,基于编码的密码体制可以提供更好的安全保障。  相似文献   

面向服务的城市基础地理信息元数据目录系统研究与实现   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张涛 《测绘科学》2010,35(3)

为了更好地满足网络化用户的应用需求,本文研究设计面向服务的城市基础地理信息元数据目录系统,其整个体系由门户应用层、核心服务层和基础数据层三个层次构成。本文所研究的目录系统应用了基于角色的访问控制模型,并基于.NET平台进行系统开发,以更好地实现地理信息元数据服务功能。  相似文献   

Gene flow and demographic history of the mangrove crab Neosarmatium meinerti: A case study from the western Indian Ocean     

Lapo Ragionieri  Stefano Cannicci  Christoph D. Schubart  Sara Fratini 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

Most marine organisms are characterized by at least one planktonic phase during their life history, potentially allowing interconnection of populations separated by several hundred kilometers. For many years, the idea that marine species are genetically homogenous throughout their range of distribution, due to passive larval transport, has been a paradigm. Nowadays, a growing number of studies underline the existence of boundaries in the marine realm and highlight how larval dispersal is a complex process depending on biotic as well as abiotic factors. Marine fragmented habitats, such as atolls, mangroves and estuaries, are optimal systems for investigating the marine dispersion process under a metapopulation approach, since populations can be geographically defined a priori as opposed to those occupying open marine environments. Within this frame, the present paper investigates the population genetic structure and the demographic history of the mangrove crab Neosarmatium meinerti within the western Indian Ocean by partial sequences of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I. A total of 167 specimens were sampled from six mangrove sites distributed along the East African coast, from Kenya to South Africa, also including a mangrove forest located on Mahé Island, Seychelles. A sharp genetic break between the mainland and the Seychelles is recorded, revealing the existence of two historically distinct groups that can be defined as independent evolutionary units. Gene flow along the East African coast appears to be high enough to form a single metapopulation, probably by means of stepping stone populations. Otherwise, this mainland metapopulation is currently under expansion through a gradual moving front from the subtropical toward the equatorial populations.  相似文献   

Fingerprinting the 8.2 ka event climate response in a coupled climate model     

Ane P. Wiersma  Didier M. Roche  Hans Renssen 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(1):118-127

Using results from coupled climate model simulations of the 8.2 ka climate event that produced a cold period over Greenland in agreement with the reconstructed cooling from ice cores, we investigate the typical pattern of climate anomalies (fingerprint) to provide a framework for the interpretation of global proxy data for the 8.2 ka climate event. For this purpose we developed an analysis method that isolates the forced temperature response and provides information on spatial variations in magnitude, timing and duration that characterise the detectable climate event in proxy archives. Our analysis shows that delays in the temperature response to the freshwater forcing are present, mostly in the order of decades (30 a over central Greenland). The North Atlantic Ocean initially cools in response to the freshwater perturbation, followed in certain parts by a warm response. This delay, occurring more than 200 a after the freshwater pulse, hints at an overshoot in the recovery from the freshwater perturbation. The South Atlantic and the Southern Ocean show a warm response reflecting the bipolar seesaw effect. The duration of the simulated event varies for different areas, and the highest probability of recording the event in proxy archives is in the North Atlantic Ocean area north of 40° N. Our results may facilitate the interpretation of proxy archives recording the 8.2 ka event, as they show that timing and duration cannot be assumed to correspond with the timing and duration of the event as recorded in Greenland ice cores. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献